Brain Tumors with Review of Literature: Immunohistochemistry or Biomarkers Versus Histomorphology

Brain tumors show genetic heterogeneity and various immunohistochemical / biomarkers are now available for brain tumor diagnosis in addition to the advanced molecular techniques. However the basic routine histopathology remains the gold standard for diagnosis corroborating with the characteristic radiology and immunohistochemistry to substantiate or confirm diagnosis and MIB1/Ki67 for grading of tumors. A total of 150 brain tumors were retrospectively analyzed in this study. The histopathology was correlated with immunohistochemical findings to note the difference in result and correlate the histology with immunohistochemistry. Out of total 150 patients, 65 were males and 45 were females. Out of the 150 brain tumors, 37 were glial tumors in which there were 05 grade 1 astrocytoma out which one was protoplasmic astro-cytoma, 01 grade 2 astrocytoma 05 anaplastic astrocytoma. 02 oligodendroglioma, 30 glioblastoma multi-forme and one was gemistocytic glioblastoma, 02 mediastinal seminoma in young males of average age 25 years, 46 meningiomas of which 30 were transitional type and 20 fibroblastic, 19 pituitary adenomas, 01 mediastinal germ cell tumor, 10 ependymomas of which 01 was myxopapillary type and 01 anaplastic type, 06 hemangioblastomas, 03 medulloblastoma, 01 atypical teratoid rhabdoid Tumor, 10 raniopharyngiomas, 02 cavernous angiomas, 05 neurocytomas, 01 adenocarcinoma deposits, 01 case of Tuberculosis. Immunohistochemistry with relevant antibody markers were performed for confirmation of diagnosis, differentiation of the tumors and MIB1 for grading of tumors. In some CNS tumors immunohistochemistry is useful but IHC panel can substantiate histopathology to grade and prognosticate the brain tumors but histopathology remains gold standard.